| Mundarija | Contents
Introduction page vi
Key to symbols vii
Starting test viii
Words and sentences
1 Word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc 2
2 Sentence structure: subject, verb, object, etc 4
3 Direct and indirect objects 6
Verbs
4 The present continuous 8
5 The present simple 10
6 Present continuous or simple? 12
7 State verbs and action verbs 14
Test 1: Present tenses 16
8 The past simple 18
9 The past continuous 20
10 Past continuous or simple? 22
Test 2: Past simple and past continuous 24
11 The present perfect (1) 26
12 The present perfect (2): just, already, yet;
for and since 28
13 The present perfect (3): ever, this week, etc 30
14 Present perfect or past simple? (1) 32
15 Present perfect or past simple? (2) 34
Test 3: Present perfect and past simple 36
16 The present perfect continuous 38
17 Present perfect continuous or simple? 40
18 The past perfect 42
19 Review of the past simple, continuous and
perfect 44
20 The past perfect continuous 46
Test 4: Past and perfect tenses 48
21 Review of present and past tenses 50
Test 5: Present and past tenses 54
22 Introduction to the future 56
23 Will and shall 58
24 Be going to 60
25 Will and be going to 62
26 Present tenses for the future 64
27 When I get there, before you leave, etc 66
Test 6: The future with will, be going to
and present tenses 68
28 Will be doing 70
29 Will have done and was going to 72
30 Review of the future 74
Test 7: The future 76
31 The verb have 78
32 Short forms, e.g it's, don't 80
33 Emphatic do 82
Questions, negatives and answers
34 Yes/no questions 84
35 Short answers, e.g. Yes, it is. 86
36 Wh-questions 88
37 Subject/object questions 90
38 Prepositions in wh-questions 92
39 Who, what or which? 94
Test 8: Questions 96
40 Negative statements 98
41 Negative questions 100
42 Question tags, e.g. isn't it? 102
43 So/Neither do I and I think so 104
Test 9: Questions, negatives and answers 106
Modal verbs
44 Ability: can, could and be able to 108
45 Permission: can, may, could and
be allowed to 110
46 Possibility and certainty: may, might, could,
must, etc 112
47 Necessity: must and have to 114
48 Necessity: mustn't, needn't, etc 116
49 Should, ought to, had better and
be supposed to 118
50 Asking people to do things 120
51 Suggestions, offers and invitations 122
52 Will, would, shall and should 124
53 It may/could/must have been, etc 126
Test 10: Modal verbs 128
The passive
54 Passive verb forms 130
55 Active and passive (1) 132
56 Active and passive (2) 134
57 Special passive structures 136
58 Have something done 73$
59 To be done and being done 140
Test 11: The passive 142
The infinitive and the ing-form
60 Verb + to-infinitive 144
61 Verb + ing-form 146
62 Verb + to-infinitive or verb + ing-form? 148
63 Like, start, etc 150
64 Remember, regret, try, etc 152
Test 12: Verb + to-infinitive or ing-form 154
65 Verb + object + to-infinitive or ing-form 156
66 Question word + to-infinitive 158
67 Adjective + to-infinitive 160
68 For with the to-infinitive 162
69 The infinitive with and without to 164
70 Verb/Adjective + preposition + ing-form 166
71 Afraid to do or afraid of doing? 168
72 Used to do and be used to doing 170
73 Preposition or linking word + ing-form 172
74 See it happen or see it happening? 174
75 Some structures with the ing-form 176
Test 13: The infinitive and the ing-form 178
Nouns and articles (a/an and the)
76 Ship and water: countable and uncountable
nouns 180
77 A carton of milk, a piece of
information, etc 182
78 Nouns that can be either countable or
uncountable 184
79 Agreement 186
80 Singular or plural? 188
81 Pair nouns and group nouns 190
82 Two nouns together 192
Test 14: Nouns and agreement 194
83 A/an and the (1) 196
84 A/an and the (2) 198
85 A/an, one and some 200
86 Cars or the cars? 202
87 Prison, school, bed, etc 204
88 On Friday, for lunch, etc 206
89 Quite a, such a, what a, etc 208
90 Place names and the 210
Test 15: A/an and the 214
This, my, some, a lot of, all, etc
91 This, that, these and those 216
92 My, your, etc and mine, yours, etc 218
93 The possessive form and of 220
94 Some and any 222
95 A lot of, many, much, (a) few
and (a) little 224
96 All, half, most, some, no and none 226
97 Every, each, whole, both, either
and neither 228
Test 16: This, my, some, a lot of, all, etc 230
Pronouns
98 Personal pronouns, e.g. I, you 232
99 There and it 234
100 Reflexive pronouns 236
101 Emphatic pronouns and each other 238
102 The pronoun one/ones 240
103 Everyone, something, etc 242
Test 17: Pronouns 244
Adjectives and adverbs
104 Adjectives 246
105 The order of adjectives 248
106 The old, the rich, etc 250
107 Interesting and interested 252
108 Adjective or adverb? (1) 254
109 Adjective or adverb? (2) 256
Test 18: Adjectives and adverbs 258
110 Comparative and superlative forms 260
111 Comparative and superlative patterns (1) 264
112 Comparative and superlative patterns (2) 266
Test 19: Comparative and superlative 268
113 Adverbs and word order 270
114 Yet, still and already 274
115 Adverbs of degree, e.g. very, quite 276
116 Quite and rather 278
117 Too and enough 280
Test 20: Adverbs and word order 282
Prepositions
118 Prepositions of place 284
119 In, on and at (place) 288
120 In, on and at (time) 290
121 For, since, ago and before 292
122 During or while? By or until? As or like? 294
123 Preposition + noun, e.g. on holiday 296
124 Noun + preposition, e.g. trouble with 298
125 Adjective + preposition, e.g. proud of 300
Test 21: Prepositions 302
Verbs with prepositions and adverbs
126 Prepositional verbs, e.g. wait for 304
127 Verb + object + preposition 306
128 Phrasal verbs (1) 308
129 Phrasal verbs (2) 310
130 Phrasal verbs (3) 312
131 Verb + adverb + preposition 314
Test 22: Verbs with prepositions and
adverbs 316
Reported speech
132 Direct speech and reported speech 318
133 Reported speech: person, place and time 320
134 Reported speech: the tense change 322
135 Reported questions 324
136 Reported requests, offers, etc 326
Test 23: Reported speech 328
Relative clauses
137 Relative clauses with who, which
and that 330
138 The relative pronoun as object 332
139 Prepositions in relative clauses 334
140 Relative structures with whose, what
and it 336
141 The use of relative clauses 338
142 Relative pronouns and relative adverbs 340
143 Relative clauses: participle and
to-infinitive 342
Test 24: Relative clauses 344
Conditionals and wish
144 Conditionals (1) 346
145 Conditionals (2) 348
146 Conditionals (3) 350
147 Review of conditionals 352
148 If, when, unless and in case 354
149 Wish and if only 356
Test 25: Conditionals and wish 358
Linking words
150 But, although and in spite of 360
151 To, in order to, so that and for 362
152 Review of linking words 364
153 Links across sentences 366
Appendices
1 Word formation 368
2 The spelling of endings 370
3 Punctuation 372
4 Pronunciation 374
5 American English 377
6 Irregular verbs 383
Key to the starting test 385
Key to the exercises 386
Key to the tests 414
Index 425 |
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